Hinein the deep layer of posterior muscles, the tibialis posterior arises proximally on the back of the interosseous membrane and adjoining bones, and divides into two parts in the sole of the foot to attach to the tarsus. In the non-weight-bearing leg, it produces plantar flexion and supination, and, rein the weight-bearing leg, it proximates the heel to the calf.
These tendons divide before their insertions and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus pass through these divisions. Flexor digitorum brevis flexes the middle phalanges. It is occasionally absent. Between the toes, the dorsal and plantar interossei stretch from the metatarsals to the proximal phalanges of digits two to five. The plantar interossei adduct and the dorsal interossei abduct these digits, and are also plantar flexors at the metatarsophalangeal joints.[14]
On the top of the foot, the tendons of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis lie deep rein the Organisation of long extrinsic extensor tendons. They both arise on the calcaneus and extend into the dorsal aponeurosis of digits one to four, just beyond the penultimate joints.
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Originally both the Greeks and the Romans subdivided the foot into 16 digits, but hinein later years, the Romans also subdivided the foot into 12 unciae (from which both the English words "inch" and "ounce" are derived).
A doctor World health organization specializes rein the treatment of the feet practices podiatry and is called a podiatrist. A pedorthist specializes hinein the use and modification of footwear to treat problems related to the lower limbs.
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This rolling inward motion as the foot progresses from heel check here to toe is the way that the body naturally absorbs shock. Neutral pronation is the most nonplusultra, efficient type of gait when using a heel strike gait; rein a forefoot strike, the body absorbs shock instead via flexion of the foot.
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Hinein measurement, the term "linear foot" (sometimes incorrectly referred to as "lineal foot") refers to the number of feet rein a length of material (such as lumber or fabric) without regard to the width; it is used to distinguish from surface area rein square foot.[60]
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An overpronator does not absorb shock efficiently. Imagine someone jumping onto a diving board, but the board is so flimsy that when it is struck, it bends and allows the person to plunge straight down into the water instead of back into the air. Similarly, an overpronator's arches will collapse, or the ankles will roll inward (or a combination of the two) as they cycle through the gait.
An individual whose bone structure involves internal rotation at the hip, knee, or ankle will Beryllium more likely to underpronate than one whose bone structure has external rotation or central alignment. Usually – but not always – those Weltgesundheitsorganisation are bow-legged tend to underpronate.[citation needed] An individual World health organization underpronates tends to wear down their running shoes on the lateral (outside) side of the shoe toward the rear of the shoe rein the heel area.[18]